In conclusion, we demonstrated that IMPACT annotations improve the comparison of genetic data between populations and trans-ancestry portability of PRS models using ancestrally unmatched data. While a long-term goal of the field must be to diversify GWAS and other genetic studies in non-European populations, it is imperative that genetic models be developed that work in multiple populations. Such initiatives will necessitate the use of population-independent functional annotations, such as IMPACT, to capture shared biological mechanisms regulated by complex genetic variation.
