BBJ is a disease ascertainment cohort, in which each individual has any one of 47 common diseases58,59; therefore, BBJ control samples are not comparable to healthy controls of UKBB. Other biases may arise from clinical differences in phenotyping. Third, we considered only a single non-EUR population in this study, although the disparity in trans-ancestry portability, and hence resulting benefit from functional annotations, may be greater in other non-EUR populations. Therefore, the results presented here may be used only to interpret the improved portability of genetic data between EUR and EAS populations. Further work is required to assess potential improvements in portability between EUR and other populations.
