group classification (18-29 years of age), to report greater quantity and frequency of consumption, and to be diagnosed with illicit drug or nicotine dependence. Furthermore, persistence of alcohol dependence tended to be more strongly associated with a mood and/or substance use disorder, family history of alcoholism, and lower education. Incident alcohol dependence was more strongly associated with minority race-ethnicity. Similar characteristics were associated with baseline alcohol self-medication in both study samples (see eTables 1A and 1B).
