Second generation ASO was designed to target mouse Sox11. ASO consisted of 18-mer nucleotide sequences (5ʹ-tttatttactctattggcc-3ʹ) with 2′-O-methoxyethyl (MOE) modifications and a mixed backbone of phosphorothioate and phosphodiester internucelotide linkages as previously described55. ASOs that efficiently reduced Sox11 mRNA were selected for in vivo screening and tolerability studies.