light when it directed movement into the response field during sS trials (thin orange line) in controls. Indeed, when directly comparing the strength of this difference (i.e., gS – sS) during the first cue light epoch, we found that the difference was significantly stronger in controls compared to lesioned rats (Mann–Whitney U test = 2,013, control: µ = 0.7951; lesion: µ = −1.4809, P = 0.0285).