TE-1 cells were infected according to the manufacturer's instructions, with MISSION Lentiviral Transduction Particles (SIGMA code: SHVRS) containing two shRNA sequences specific for DS-epi1 [TRCN0000121967 (shRNA-a) and TRCN0000122101 (shRNA-b)] or non-target control shRNA (SHC002V). Following selection for puromycin resistance, different isolated clones were tested for epimerase activity.