associated with changes in frontal alpha EEGc and subsequent AUD and PTSD symptoms, with evidence of sex specific findings in a sample of trauma-exposed and non-exposed individuals (Neale et al., 2024). Although numerous EEG studies have described differences in functional connectivity in ADRD compared to healthy participants, inconsistent results have been reported due to multiple methodological factors such as diagnostic criteria, small sample sizes and study populations limited by sex and ancestry (e.g., most of these studies have been conducted in European ancestry populations) (Fischer, Zibrandtsen, Høgh, & Musaeus, 2023). Despite these limitations, a systematic review of this literature concluded that the most consistent results involve a decrease in alpha coherence among individuals with ADRD, particularly at the left temporal region (Fischer et al., 2023). Reductions in alpha EEG coherence also appear to be one of the earliest detectable changes in individuals with ADRD (Musaeus et al., 2019). Despite the significant role APOEε4 plays in risk for ADRD and the extensive cross-sectional research on EEGc and ADRD, no studies to date have examined the association between APOEε4 and EEGc in adolescence longitudinally, nor concerning AUD and PTSD comorbidity.
