In the first of the gender separated analyses, 39 male participants (12 HR and 27 LR) were compared. The groups did not differ with respect to socioeconomic status (SES), or ICV, or prenatal drug or cigarette exposure (Table 1). Significant differences were found between the HR and LR males (controlling for prenatal exposure, ICV, and personal history of SUD) for the left inferior temporal (p=0.025), and the left fusiform (p=0.026) regions, along with left insula (p< 0.0001) and right insula (p<0.0001 (Figure 2 and Table 3).
