these analyses, both main effect and sex effect were estimated in a single test. The SNP spectral decomposition (SNPSpD) method53 was used to evaluate the equivalent number of independent tests, and Bonferroni correction was applied for multiple testing correction. Pairwise linkage disequilibrium (LD) was estimated for all study participants by Haploview 3.2 software.41 Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium tests were conducted with the software.41
