The GWAS of Math Ability (N = 564,698) and Highest Math (N = 430,445) phenotypes were conducted exclusively among research participants of the personal genomics company 23andMe who answered survey questions about their mathematical background. In our analyses of Cognitive Performance, we combined a published study of general cognitive ability (N = 35,298) conducted by the COGENT consortium28 with new genome-wide association analyses of cognitive performance in the UK Biobank (N = 222,543). The phenotype measures are described in detail in Supplementary Table 40. Our new genome-wide analyses of Cognitive Performance in UKB, and Math Ability and Highest Math in 23andMe, were conducted using methods identical to those for EduYears in UKB and 23andMe, respectively (Supplementary Table 19).
