1995; Schuckit et al., 1993; Schuckit et al., 2002) reported a high level of similarity in the clinical course of alcohol dependence across various subgroups with alcohol use disorder (e.g., inpatients vs. outpatients, males vs. females, presence vs. absence of family history of alcohol dependence, primary vs. secondary diagnoses). Subsequent studies, using this instrument, also demonstrated that the clinical course of alcohol dependence did not differ among the major U.S. racial/ethnic groups (Ehlers et al., 2010; Ehlers et al., 2015; Ehlers et al., 2004b; Hesselbrock et al., 2000; Montane-Jaime et al., 2008; Scott et al., 2008).
