Notably, genes in module 2 in astrocytes and in module 1 in microglia both had lower expression in individuals with AUD and were enriched for genes from the PAU GWAS.5 Module 1 contained only one transcription factor, ZBTB16, which is a negative regulator of inflammation,44 including in microglia.45,46 Module 1 contained 6 target genes that were enriched for neurodegeneration in the Human Phenotype Ontology (HP:0002180, padj = 0.017), including KLB, a gene associated with alcohol consumption.47
