In conclusion, personality-targeted interventions for substance misuse have been applied and evaluated in a number of different contexts. A number of randomised trials indicate efficacy and effectiveness of a personality-targeted approach when applied to the school (secondary and undergraduate) and community context. Studies suggest, on average, moderate effect sizes on alcohol and illicit substance use outcomes, up to 3 years post-intervention. Studies also indicate promising results for non-addictive, mental health outcomes. More research is needed to understand the active ingredients of the personality-targeted approach, the most optimal delivery conditions and its potential to address other health behaviours.
