Larger GWAS meta-analyses have been reported for other smoking phenotypes such as ever vs never smoking, but these studies were comprised only of EUR participants and based on HapMap imputation.16–18 Rs910083, a 1000G-imputed SNP, was not captured in these studies, but 9 of the 18 DNMT3B SNPs associated with nicotine dependence at meta-analysis P<5×10−7 in the present study were HapMap-imputed (Supplementary Table 9); these SNPs were in strong LD with rs910083 among EURs (r2=0.78–0.99 in 1000G EUR) but weaker LD among AAs (r2=0.29–0.76 in 1000G AFR). Using results from the largest GWAS meta-analysis of CPD (Tobacco and Genetics [TAG] consortium, N=38,181 EUR ever smokers independent of the ones included here), we found that the 9 HapMap-imputed DNMT3B SNPs were associated with CPD at p-values ranging from 0.027 to 0.059 and a consistent direction of association with nicotine dependence; in comparison, p-values for ever vs never smoking (N=74,035 in the TAG consortium) ranged from 0.049 to 0.34 (Supplemental Table 9). We caution that the best DNTM3B signal in the TAG consortium was observed for CPD at only nominal significance (smallest P=0.027),
