the past week were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and the depression subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-D). To create a proxy for case/control status, we compared the individuals rating in the upper depression scale quartile (CES-D≥16.0: cases, indicative of a depressive disorder (Luijendijk et al., 2008)) with those rating in the lower quartile (CES-D≤3: controls). Finally, we tested for association of the identified locus in a cross-sectional study of African-American subjects with significant levels of trauma recruited in the waiting rooms of an urban public hospital in Atlanta (N=991) (Binder et al., 2008). Depression was rated by using the quantitative Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). In contrast to populations of European descent these SNPs displayed much less LD among each other (fig. 2B). For this study, we also created a proxy for case-control status. As BDI scores higher than 16 are equated to clinically relevant symptoms of current MD (Viinamaki et al., 2004), we divided the sample at this cut-off for a case-control analysis.
