Real-world data-based (RWD-based) pharmacoepidemiologic studies have identified drugs that may have potential beneficial or adverse effects in AD.14, 15 For instance, US Medicare data-based studies identify exenatide (a type 2 diabetes drug) is associated with a reduced risk of AD,16 and exposure of anticholinergic drugs is associated with an increased risk of AD.15 Furthermore, leveraging the diversity of RWD can reveal precise drug responses in AD in subpopulations, especially for certain underrepresented subpopulations in AD clinical trials. In a recent study, telmisartan is associated with a reduced risk of AD in African Americans, but has a neutral association with AD in non-Hispanic White Americans.17 Currently, drug responses in cognitive health and/or AD remain largely unknown for patients with neuroinflammation-related conditions.
