The European American (n = 2,189) sample is a tall-short study with subjects ranking in the 5-10th percentiles in adult height (short women, 152-155 cm; short men, 164-168 cm) and in the 90-95th percentiles in adult height (tall women, 170-175 cm; tall men, 185-191 cm)19. All individuals were self-described ‘white’ or ‘of European descent’. All subjects were born in the United States, and all of their grandparents were born in either the United States or Europe. Using the Genetic Power Calculator36 and assuming a purely additive genetic effect across the whole phenotypic distribution, we calculated that the study design of the European American tall-short panel provides 33.0, 79.0 and 98.6% power to detect variants that explain ≥0.1, 0.25 and 0.5% of the phenotypic variation in height, respectively (at an α-threshold of 0.01), and power was greater to meet our less stringent screening criteria of any odds ratio in the same direction than the effect observed in the meta-analysis. FINRISK 1997 is one of the population-based risk factor surveys carried out by the National Public Health Institute of Finland every five
