European ancestry: 1,145 postmenopausal women with invasive breast cancer and 1,142 matched controls14. The Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (PLCO) GWA scan included 1,172 non-Hispanic prostate cancer cases of European ancestry and 1,105 matched controls15. The SardiNIA GWAS examined a total of 4,305 related individuals participating in a longitudinal study of aging-related quantitative traits in the Ogliastra region of Sardinia, Italy17. More details can be found in the Supplementary Methods online.