Long (multi-megabase) segments of aUPD are frequently observed in cancers of many types26. In most cases, the UPD occurs on a terminal segment of one arm, consistent with origin by a single mitotic crossover, followed by outgrowth of one of the daughter cells. Acquired UPDs are frequently observed in hematological cancers such as MDS, MPD and AML and are associated with homozygosity of mutations in several tumor suppressors and oncogenes27,28. All autosomes (except chromosome 10) have at least one clonal mosaic aUPD in GENEVA subjects. Chromosomes 9 (with 24), 14 (with 21) and 11 (with 19) have the most aUPDs, which greatly exceed the expected number based on arm length (Supplementary Figure 9).
