al., 2015; Salvatore et al., 2015), we used latent factor analyses to model variance common across behaviors, and, by using 10 waves of longitudinal data, variance common across time. Therefore, individuals who scored highly on our key phenotype of interest – a general externalizing factor – have been persistently involved in an array of socially problematic and disinhibited behaviors or traits across emerging adulthood. After establishing a well-fitting model of persistent externalizing behavior, we then used the derived factor scores to test for enrichment in an ancestrally homogenous sample of non-Hispanic Whites who had high-quality genetic information (N = 337).
