All animal studies were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at the University of Minnesota or NIEHS, and were conducted in accordance with National Institutes of Health guidelines for the care and use of animals in research. The generation of Girk2 −/−, Girk2 −/− /Girk3 −/−, and CaMKIICre(+):Girk2 fl/fl mice was described previously6, 12, 24. The Amigo2-EGFP line was acquired from GENSAT (founder line LW244), and bred for at least 10 generations onto C57BL6/n background. Mice were maintained on a 12 h light/dark cycle (lights on at 0700), with food and water available ad libitum.