Second, the PRS effect size decreases more in the presence of the environmental covariate when rGE is higher. Note that the estimates from simulation model A2 (~ PRS+Env; shown in red) are further from the true value of 0.1 in both rGE = 0.5 conditions. This replicates previous results reported in Akimova et al. (2021). The model A2 effect size also decreases more when confounder correlations are smaller. The model A2 effect is deflated by 92% with rGE=0.1 and confounder correlations between 0.05-0.1, 511% with rGE=0.5 and confounder correlations between 0.05-0.1, 146% with rGE=0.1 and confounder correlations between 0.8-0.9, and 736% with rGE=0.5 and confounder correlations between 0.8-0.9.
