With covariates measured at Wave 1 (age 11; n = 208), analyses were based on data collected at Wave 5 (age 16; n = 151), Wave 6 (age 18; n = 157), and Wave 7 (age 21; n = 161). At the outset of the study, minimal assessments of alcohol use were included in the survey questionnaires. As the sample reached middle adolescence, assessments were expanded to include broader measures of alcohol use and adverse consequences. This expansion corresponded with increasing initiation and escalation of alcohol use in the sample over time. Moreover, because alcohol use and problem drinking continue to escalate into young adulthood, richer assessments of alcohol-related problems were included in survey questionnaires administered to young adults at Wave 7.
