since HSCRs are measured relative to haploid concentrations, as opposed to the diploid values assumed by eqn. 1. D is related to tumor purity and ploidy (α and τ) (eq. 1, Supplementary Fig. 1). The observed xi are modeled with a mixture of Q Gaussian components located at μ = {μq∈Q} representing integer copy-states Q and an additional uniform component Z. The mixture Z allows segments to be assigned non-integer copy values so that occasional subclonal alterations or artifacts do not dramatically impact the likelihood.