It is, therefore, not surprising that a recent meta-analysis of 188 genetic association studies claiming sex effects in their title found only one association that was consistently replicated in at least two studies15. Among 188 claims of a sex difference, 83 were significant (P<0.05), although 44 of those had modest p-values between 0.01 and 0.05 (unadjusted for multiple testing). Sixty of those claims were judged to have good internal validity, including the one association that was replicated. This was the association between the deletion/insertion (D/I) polymorphism in the angiotensinogen converting enzyme (ACE) gene with hypertension in men only49-52 (discussed below).
