Using the Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule - DSM-IV Version (AUDADIS-IV, Grant et al., 2001), alcohol use disorders were defined for past year, i.e., the year preceding the Wave 2 interview, and the period since the Wave 1 interview but prior to the past year. To be classified with alcohol dependence during either period, respondents had to report symptoms of at least three of the seven DSM-IV dependence criteria (American Psychiatric Association, 1994). For the period prior to the past year, they also had to report that some of these symptoms occurred within the same one-year period. To be classified with abuse, respondents had to report the occurrence of at least one symptom of any of the four DSM-IV abuse criteria in either of the two time periods. Individuals were counted as positive for the incidence of dependence and abuse if they met the criteria for these disorders for the first time in either of the two time periods between Wave 1 and Wave 2. Because of evidence that individuals with dependence can develop abuse without dependence,
