Two areas of the genome were identified in the present study with LOD scores that provide evidence for linkage on chromosome 16 (@139 cM, LOD score= 4.4), and on chromosome 19 (@74 cM, LOD score= 6.4). There are no published studies that have identified a region on chromosome 16 for cannabis dependence. However, there have been several reports of linkage findings within a 35 cM region on chromosome 16 for other drug dependence phenotypes. In this American Indian sample a region of interest was identified on chromosome 16 at 95 cM for a phenotype of “Any drug dependence /regular tobacco usage”. In this general area of chromosome 16, three other studies have also found regions of interest for alcohol dependence (Sheffield et al. 1999; Hill et al. 2004), as well as for the number of grams of alcohol consumed a day (Ma et al. 2003). There have been some findings in genome scans for cannabis dependence and other drug use related phenotypes on chromosome 19. A region has been identified on chromosome 19 at 17 cM for early-onset cannabis use
