Four subject groups were included in this study, two with histories of heavy prenatal alcohol exposure and two without such history. Alcohol-exposed (AE) children were divided into two groups: those who met DSM-IV criteria for an ADHD diagnosis according to the C-DISC-4.0 (AE+; n = 90) and those who did not (AE−; n = 38). Of the children with histories of heavy prenatal alcohol exposure, 34 (26.5%) met diagnostic criteria for FAS [AE+; n = 23 (25.6%), AE−; n = 11 (28.9%)]. Children without prenatal alcohol exposure were also divided into two groups. The ADHD clinical comparison group (ADHD; n = 80) consisted of children who met DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for ADHD per the C-DISC-4.0. The control group (CON; n = 136) consisted of children who did not meet C-DISC-4.0 diagnostic criteria for ADHD. Children who had subclinical symptoms of ADHD, per the C-DISC-4.0, defined as having more than minimal symptoms, (greater than 3), yet not meeting the threshold of 6 or more symptoms, were excluded from all groups.
