Following two‐step cluster analysis, two divergent groups were identified, as reflected by their performance in repeated SAA and OPR tests over a period of 9 weeks after exposure to social defeat (Figure S1 and in a previous study21). The SDPS‐resilient population coped with defeat and isolation stress and did not develop any of the affective or cognitive deficits commonly seen after SDPS.20, 21, 23 In contrast, the SDPS‐prone population showed long‐lasting deterioration of affective performance, reflected in social withdrawal, accompanied by severe impairments in spatial memory. At week 12 after defeat, animals proceeded to the alcohol paradigm (Figure 1A).
