in adolescenceSubstanceWhite matterCortical volumesBOLD responseNeuropsychological functioningAlcohol↓ FA in the SCR, ILF, FOF, and SLF (Jacobus et al. 2009)↑ PFC volume in males and ↓ PFC volume in females compared to same-gender controls (Medina et al. 2008)↑ Response in frontal and parietal regions,↓ response in occipital cortex during verbal encoding (Schweinsburg et al. 2010a) ↓ Verbal and nonverbal retention, visuospatial functioning (Brown et al. 2000)↓ FA in the CC, SLF, CR, internal and external capsules (McQueeny et al. 2009)↓ Left hippocampal volume (Medina et al. 2007a, b)↑ Response in parietal cortices,↓ response in occipital, frontal, and cerebellar regions during spatial working memory (Tapert et al. 2004)↓ Attention and information processing (Tapert et al. 2002; Tarter et al. 1995)↓ FA in the splenium of the corpus callosum (Tapert et al. 2003)↓ Future planning, abstract reasoning (Giancola et al. 1998)↓ Language skills, lower verbal and full-scale IQ (Moss et al. 1994) Marijuana↑ White matter volumes with earlier onset (Wilson et al. 2000)↓ Cortical gray matter volumes with earlier onset (Wilson et al. 2000)↑ Activation in right prefrontal cortex in tasks requiring executive attention (Abdullaev et al. 2010)↑ Perseverative errors on a problem solving task (Lane et al. 2007)↓ Hippocampal response during encoding (Schweinsburg
