gray matter volumes with earlier onset (Wilson et al. 2000)↑ Activation in right prefrontal cortex in tasks requiring executive attention (Abdullaev et al. 2010)↑ Perseverative errors on a problem solving task (Lane et al. 2007)↓ Hippocampal response during encoding (Schweinsburg et al. 2010b) Alcohol and Marijuana↓ FA in the SLF, postcentral gyrus, and ILF (Bava et al. 2009)↓ PFC volumes in males and↑ PFC volumes in females compared to same-gender controls (Medina et al. 2009)= Response as controls during verbal encoding after 1 month of abstinence (Schweinsburg et al. 2010b).↓ Psychomotor speed, complex attention, story memory, and planning and sequencing ability after 1 month of abstinence (Medina et al. 2007a, b)↑ FA compared to bingers alone, but ↓ compared to controls (Jacobus et al. 2009)↑ PFC cerebellar vermis volumes; linked to poorer executive functioning (Medina et al. 2010 ↑ Response in frontal and parietal regions during inhibition after 1 month of abstinence (Tapert et al. 2007).↓ Verbal learning until 2 weeks of abstinence, ↓ working memory until 3 weeks of abstinence,↓ attention after 1 month of abstinence (Hanson et al. 2010)↓ White matter volume associated with more depression symptoms (Medina et al. 2007a, b)= Hippocampal volumes as controls (Medina et
