PAE individuals, as these externalizing disorders are prevalent in children of alcoholics (COA) and in individuals with a family history of alcohol dependence and abuse (Kuperman, Schlosser, Lidral, & Reich, 1999; Waldron, Martin, & Heath, 2009). In particular, children of AD mothers are more likely to have externalizing disorders compared to children in families with no history of alcohol dependence (Hill, Locke, Lowers, & Connolly, 1999; Hill, Tessner, & McDermott, 2011).
