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Chunk #22 — RESULTS — Analysis of 25 immune-related traits using immune cell expression data

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Heritability enrichment of specifically expressed genes identifies disease-relevant tissues and cell types.
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We identified enrichments at FDR<5% for 16 traits. Results are displayed in Figure 5, Figure S9 and Tables S9 and S10, and reveal highly trait-specific patterns of enrichment. For primary biliary cirrhosis, the largest and most significant enrichment was in B cells, consistent with literature on the importance of B cells for this trait54. Alzheimer’s disease exhibits enrichment in myeloid cells, as seen previously from genetics55. Asthma and eczema both exhibited enrichment in T and NKT cells; several subclasses of T cells have been shown to be important in asthma,57 and a previous study using chromatin data found an enrichment in T cells for asthma but not in other immune cell types6. Rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and multiple sclerosis all exhibited enrichments in a variety of cell types, consistent with complex etiologies for these diseases that involve many different immune cell types58–60. Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder both exhibited an enrichment in T cells. Patients with bipolar disorder have been shown to have a reduction in certain types of T cells, but have equal levels of B cells,