The “Youth Violence Survey: Linkages among Different forms of Violence” was administered to all public school students enrolled in grades 7, 9, 11 and 12 in a school district in a high-risk community in the U.S in 2004. The details of the study have been described elsewhere [36,37,38]. The school district was identified and selected using community indicators of risk (i.e., poverty, unemployment, single parent households, and serious crimes), it was racially and ethnically diverse, and it was located in a city with a population of less than 250,000. This district operated 16 schools (elementary, middle, high schools, alternative schools) which all agreed to participate in the study. Within these 16 schools, all students in grades 7, 9, 11, and 12 were invited to participate. Students in grades 11 and 12 were grouped to produce a sufficient number of participants in the oldest of the three age groups.
