Data collection occurred in April 2004. Students voluntarily completed the anonymous, self-administered 174-item questionnaire in classrooms during a 40-minute class period. Students without parental permission or who did not want to participate in the study were assigned individual deskwork (by the classroom teacher), which they completed at their desks or at an alternate location designated by the school during the survey administration. The questionnaire, an optically scannable booklet in multiple-choice format, was administered by highly experienced field staff. All English-speaking students in the targeted grades were invited to participate in the study. However, students who could not complete the questionnaire independently (e.g., enrolled in a special education class, required the assistance of a translator, had cognitive disabilities that would prevent adequate understanding and responding to the survey; n = 151), or who were no longer attending school (e.g., had dropped out of school, had been expelled, or were on long-term out-of-school suspension; n = 202), were ineligible to participate in the study.
