Single-track assay single-nucleotide polymorphism genotyping Single single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping was carried out by deCODE Genetics in Reykjavik, Iceland, applying the Centaurus (Nanogen) platform.7 The same assay was used to obtain genotypes for rs56175056 on three COPD sample sets, from the United Kingdom, Sweden and Denmark, as well as LC cases and controls from the Netherlands, Spain, the United States and Norway.