Chunk #18 — Results

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Evidence for causal effects of lifetime smoking on risk for depression and schizophrenia: a Mendelian randomisation study.

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we conducted a sensitivity analysis removing these variants and the effects remained consistent (see online Supplementary Table S10). Table 1.Two-sample MR analyses of the effect of smoking exposure on schizophrenia and depressionExposureOutcomeMethodN SNPOR (95% CI)p valueLifetime smokingSchizophreniaInverse-variance weighted1252.27 (1.67–3.08)1.36 × 10−07MR Egger (SIMEX)1254.59 (1.49–14.11)0.009Weighted median1252.04 (1.57–2.64)8.21 × 10−08Weighted mode1251.71 (0.69–4.23)0.25MR RAPS1252.44 (1.84–3.25)9.30 × 10−10Lifetime smokingDepressionInverse-variance weighted1261.99 (1.71–2.32)9.69 × 10−19MR Egger (SIMEX)1261.09 (0.62–1.92)0.77Weighted median1261.97 (1.65–2.35)3.00 × 10−14Weighted mode1261.83 (1.19–2.81)0.007MR RAPS1261.99 (1.70–2.32)2.76 × 10−18Smoking initiationSchizophreniaInverse-variance weighted3711.53 (1.35–1.74)3.70 × 10−11MR Egger (SIMEX)3711.35 (0.83–2.22)0.23Weighted median3711.38 (1.23–1.55)3.44 × 10−08Weighted mode3711.23 (0.74–2.06)0.42MR RAPS3711.63 (1.45–1.85)4.46 × 10−15Smoking initiationDepressionInverse-variance weighted3701.54 (1.44–1.64)3.61 × 10−37MR Egger (SIMEX)3701.36 (1.10–1.67)0.004Weighted median3701.46 (1.35–1.58)4.62 × 10−21Weighted mode3701.44 (1.10–1.89)0.008MR RAPS3701.54 (1.44–1.65)1.31 × 10−35SIMEX, simulation extrapolation, MR RAPS, robust adjusted profile score.Note: Due to low regression dilution I2GX for lifetime smoking and smoking initiation (see online Supplementary Table S3), MR Egger SIMEX estimates should be interpreted with caution. SIMEX-corrected estimates are unweighted. Table 2.Two-sample MR analyses of the effect of schizophrenia and depression on smokingExposureOutcomeMethodN SNPβ (95% CI)p valueSchizophreniaLifetime smokingInverse-variance weighted1020.022 (0.005–0.038)0.009MR Egger (SIMEX)–––Weighted median1020.015 (0.004–0.026)0.009Weighted Mode1020.016 (−0.014 to 0.045)0.31MR RAPS1020.018 (0.003–0.032)0.015DepressionLifetime smokingInverse-variance weighted340.091 (0.027–0.155)0.005MR Egger (SIMEX)–––Weighted median340.100 (0.058–0.141)2.77 × 10−06Weighted mode340.109 (0.037–0.182)0.005MR RAPS340.078 (0.014–0.141)0.016SchizophreniaSmoking initiationInverse-variance weighted1070.010 (0.000–0.021)0.04MR Egger (SIMEX)107−0.030 (−0.093 to 0.033)0.35Weighted median1070.003 (−0.006 to