and risk taking on this task in abstinent alcoholics, particularly in subjects with higher alcohol urge at the time of the fMRI scan113. By contrast, the ACC was hyperactive during inhibition errors113, possibly because the abstinent alcoholics exercised a greater attention in monitoring for the stop signal than controls — a function that is associated with the ACC. Increased activity in other regions of the PFC was also reported in cigarette smokers after a 24-hour abstinence, but (in contrast to expectation for an increased regional activation) accuracy was reduced114 (Supplementary information S4 (table)).
