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Chunk #2 — Introduction

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Comprehensive analyses of RNA-seq and genome-wide data point to enrichment of neuronal cell type subsets in neuropsychiatric disorders.
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To overcome gaps between associated and causal genetic loci, their functional effects, and ultimately the biological pathways, extensive research has been performed to identify brain tissues having a role in neuropsychiatric disease. Functional genomic studies using macroscopic brain samples point to enrichment in phylogenetically conserved areas of the brain in psychiatric disorders and brain-related behavioral phenotypes, whereas typically fewer brain regions are found to be enriched in neurological disorders [3]. However, identification of specific cell types within brain tissues is considerably less well studied. Specific cell types that are associated with SCZ and anorexia nervosa (AN) have previously been identified by integrating GWAS findings with mouse single-cell RNA (scRNA) brain data: while medium spiny neurons (MSNs), cortical interneurons, hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells (pyramidal CA1), and pyramidal cells from the somatosensory cortex (pyramidal SS) seem implicated in SCZ [8], suggestive findings were reported for the enrichment of MSNs and pyramidal cells (CA1) in AN [9]. Recently, more extensive cell type enrichment analysis was performed for 28 phenotypes using mouse gene expression from the entire central nervous system (CNS) [10]. In psychiatric