Adolescents with the A/G or G/G genotypes at A118G are three times more likely to have an alcohol use disorder than those with the A/A genotype [83, 84]. Two studies have also found an association between A118G genotype and alcohol dependence in adult Caucasians; however, one found the G allele to be protective while the other found carriers of the G allele to be at increased risk [85, 86]. Other studies have failed to find any association between alcoholism and A118G, as well as other genetic variants including rs2075572, rs1799972, and a (CA)n repeat in intron 1 [56, 87-90]. A meta-analysis also found no effect of A118G genotype on risk of developing alcohol dependence [91]. In another study of European-Americans, three intronic SNPs (rs495491, rs6091485, and rs648893) were associated with alcohol dependence [92]. In African-Americans, A118G was not associated with dependence (although the 3% frequency of the G allele in this ethnic group substantially comprises power), while women with the T/T genotype at the rs1799972 polymorphism were found to consume more alcohol [89, 93]. Among Asian populations, the minor allele
