Number of AUD criteria refers to the number of criteria endorsed in the year preceding the Wave 2 interview, out of the 12 criteria used for either DSM-IV or DSM-5 AUD, i.e., including both legal problems and craving. Physiological dependence was defined as endorsing the criteria for tolerance and/or withdrawal. Volume of ethanol intake (Dawson, 2003) reflected the larger of the sum of four beverage-specific volumes or the volume for all types of alcoholic drinks combined. Frequency of drinking 5+ drinks in a single day was converted to days per year using midpoints of response categories. Both consumption measures demonstrated good to excellent test-retest reliability, with intraclass coefficients of .68 to .83 (Grant et al., 2003b). Alcohol treatment was broadly defined to include past-year utilization of inpatient or outpatient treatment from alcohol specialty or general medical sources, rehabilitation or detoxification programs, nonmedical sources such as family services agencies, clergy and employee assistance programs, and participation in 12-step programs.
