Sociodemographic variables were taken from W2 assessments. Categorical variables were chosen to be comparable with prior NESARC stigma studies (Keyes et al., 2010; Smith et al., 2010). The NESARC data combine race/ethnicity in five groupings: White; Black; Native American or Alaskan Native; Asian, Hawaiian, or Pacific Islander; and Hispanic or Latino. Categorical variables also included education (less than high school, high school or GED equivalent, and greater than high school), gender, and marital status (never married, previously married, and currently married/living with someone as if married). Following Keyes et al. (2010), we created two variables representing social distance/proximity to persons with alcohol problems, which were coded as positive for those reporting (1) alcohol problems in any first-degree relative or (2) any live-in relationship with a partner with alcohol problems. To maintain additional degrees of freedom, age and family income remained quasi-continuous, and family income was log-transformed owing to its positive skew. To control for prior psychiatric disorders, we created a prior internalizing disorder variable (priorto- past-year, including lifetime at W1) and a prior AUD variable (lifetime DSM-IV AUD at W1).
