The first landmark report of brain structural differences associated with a psychiatric disorder described increased ventricular volume in individuals with schizophrenia (Johnstone, Crow, Frith, Husband, & Kreel, 1976). Since then, a large body of observations has accumulated relating differences in brain structure and function to typical and atypical aspects of behavior, and work in this area is accelerating as techniques improve. In the following discussion we will be focusing on brain structural imaging, but it should be noted that there is increasing interest in the exploration of similar consideration for other brain measures such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI; Menzies et al., 2007; Pearlson & Calhoun, 2007).
