in DNA methylation around promoter regions, while distal regulatory elements (enhancer, insulator, intergene and non-code sequence regions) are not included. However, in our future investigations, we will extend the analysis to distal regulatory elements using next-generation, massive parallel-sequencing approaches and elucidate whether promoter methylation distribution correlates with the chromatin state,55 as well as whether methylation patterns and chromatin states associate with differentiation of ES cells to early embryo neurulation and to fully differentiated cells and tissue.