Genetic factors within multiple overlapping neurobiological systems has been consistently implicated in SUD etiology (Nestler, 2001). Here, we summarize the genetic epidemiology of SUD and focus on commonly abused substances including alcohol, nicotine, marijuana, cocaine, and opioids. Although results will be summarized across all substances, genetic epidemiological studies of alcohol and nicotine use currently out number cannabis, cocaine, and opoids. Further, we connect this knowledge with the neurobiology of SUD and provide suggestions for future research in this area