There are three major and three minor findings in this paper. First, we found smaller subcortical volumes for the accumbens, hippocampus, and pallidum in STAA DAO vs. NSAC. Second, we found smaller subcortical volumes of the same structures (plus the putamen) in LTAA DAO vs. NSAC, with the size of the differences from NSAC being consistently (but not significantly) smaller for LTAA compared to STAA. Third, we did not observe any differences from NSAC for either STAA DASD or LTAA DASD. For STAA, DASD evidenced larger volumes than DAO for the accumbens, hippocampus, pallidum, putamen and thalamus. Within LTAA, there were no significant differences in subcortical volumes between those DAO and those DASD. Fourth, within STAA DAO, subcortical volumes were moderately negatively correlated with alcohol use, but no associations with cocaine, methamphetamine, or nicotine use measures nor with days abstinent on alcohol, stimulants or nicotine was evident in any group. Fifth, alcoholics DAO and DASD (combined STAA and LTAA) did not differ on any cognitive measures that showed impairment in STAA vs. NSAC. Finally, in LTAA, individuals with a cocaine
