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Chunk #71 — Results — Prediction of Internalizing Problems From Measures of Regulation and Emotionality — Analyses controlling for change in externalizing symptoms

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Longitudinal relations of children's effortful control, impulsivity, and negative emotionality to their externalizing, internalizing, and co-occurring behavior problems.
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When we recomputed the analyses controlling for change in externalizing status, there were no more changes than would be expected by chance except for impulsivity. When controlling for change in externalizing problems, we obtained three new significant findings and three nearly significant finding for impulsivity (see Table 7). Mother-reported SL (vs. D) status was predicted by higher teacher- and parent-reported impulsivity (in addition to a similar relation for parent-reported impulsivity and teacher-reported maladjustment). The difference in prediction by impulsivity of SL versus IM status also became somewhat more evident (there was one significant finding and one nearly significant finding out of four). Although only nearly significant, it is worth noting that mother-reported IM (vs. SI) was also predicted by higher parent- and teacher-reported impulsivity. In brief, when change in externalizing problems was controlled, impulsivity predicted the group with fewer internalizing problems at T3.