The pattern of findings supports the conclusions that there are relations between maladjustment and dispositional control- and emotion-related aspects of temperament, that change in temperament across 4 years is likely related to change in maladjustment, and that in some cases it is important to differentiate between children with pure externalizing or internalizing problems and those with co-occurring problems. In addition, the findings generally support differentiating between reactive overcontrol (impulsivity) and EC.
