Adolescent externalizing behavior was measured using a composite (sum) score of mother, father, and adolescent reported externalizing behavior on the Zill Behavior Problems Inventory (ZIL; Peterson & Zill, 1986) for NEAD and the child behavior checklist (CBCL; Achenbach, 1991) for TOSS. The ZIL was assessed in NEAD as a short-form of the CBCL. The ZIL externalizing behavior subscale is comprised of 20 items (e.g., Breaks things on purpose, deliberately destroys his or her own or other’s things) on a 1 (often true) to 3 (never true) scale (reverse coded and summed) over the past three months (α > .87 for each reporter). The CBCL externalizing subscale is comprised of 30 items (e.g., I destroy my own things) on a 1 (not true) to 3 (often true) scale (summed) over the past six months (α > .62 in NEAD; α > .70 in TOSS). The composite scores ranked to normalize the distributions.
