liability. For example, in a large founder population33 but not in other samples,34 variants in the DYRK1A gene were associated with conscientiousness. The gene DYRK1A maps in the Down syndrome critical region on chromosome 21, its activity is up-regulated by Aβ, and it is involved in tau phosphorylation.35 We also found suggestive evidence that personality traits may interact with the APOE genotype, such that openness and agreeableness were protective factors depending on the ε4 carrier status in the BLSA sample.
